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X402

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#x402 使卖家能够接受任何 ERC-20 代币以及稳定币。
收听这期特别的 CDPod 节目，深入了解 ERC-20 支持的技术细节： #ERC20

https://x.com/CoinbaseDev/status/2034768052731195766

中文 English

0:00 (欢快的音乐)

0:02 - 嗨，欢迎收听CD Pod特别篇。

0:14 今天我没有和Yuga一起，

0:17 而是和X4OTT的Carson和Amanda一起

0:19 出镜。

0:21 我们要尝试在新的一天做点新东西。

0:24 我们将做一个技术专题讲解，

0:26 介绍一个刚刚上线的新功能，

0:29 X4OTT对任意ERC-20代币的支持。

0:33 背景是，X4OTT一直想

0:37 支持任何任意的ERC代币，

0:42 并且它确实支持，这一点与许多链不同。

0:46 EVM上的代币难点在于

0:49 很多代币都比较老，

0:52 可能不支持最新的

0:55 基于签名的转账方式。

0:59 所以我们利用了permit来支持

1:04 基于签名的转账。

1:06 但permit的一个问题是，一旦你授权了

1:08 某人代你转账，

1:10 对方就能转移任意数量的代币。

1:14 所以Carson，我们是怎么做的，

1:17 让facilitator不能随意代表你

1:19 转账任意数量代币的呢？

1:21 - 我们写了一个叫X4OTT

1:25 to exact permit代理合约。

1:29 这个合约的作用是，

1:33 基本实现EIP-3009的保障，

1:37 但使用permit流程。

1:39 具体来说，当facilitator

1:43 使用这个合约以permit流程结算时，

1:47 除了permit原有的安全保障，

1:51 我们还强制规定了转账目的地和金额。

1:56 通过我们的permit整合和合约，

2:00 我们将permit流程

2:03 提升到了跟3009相同的安全保障。

2:08 - 这意味着你作为用户，

2:11 你不再是授权facilitator，

2:13 而是授权X4OTT的permit代理合约。

2:18 - 是的，没错。

2:19 你这时候是在授权permit代理合约。

2:23 - 然后你签署一条消息，

2:26 把它发送给facilitator，

2:28 facilitator会跟permit代理合约交互，

2:31 那个代理合约会检查支付是否

2:32 符合约定。

2:35 然后它只会按照你签署的内容

2:38 转移资金，

2:40 这样facilitator就不能随意调度你的资金，

2:41 因为这是由代理合约强制执行的。

2:44 - 但是这里还有个问题，

2:46 很多老代币只支持普通授权，

2:51 你必须把交易广播上链，

2:53 才能让对方有权代表你操作代币。

2:57 这跟我们X4OTT让操作更便捷的目标

3:02 是矛盾的，

3:05 你能说说我们怎么为用户

3:08 创造了无Gas体验，

3:10 并让它适配任意代币的吗？

3:13 - 基本上这里有两类代币。

3:15 一类是支持permit的，也就是2612代币，

3:19 这类代币内置了链上permit功能，

3:20 另一类是老旧代币，

3:23 比如普通ERC20代币如USDT，

3:28 它们不支持这种功能，

3:30 我们需要另行解决。

3:33 所以我们做了两套Gas赞助方案，

3:36 针对新代币的有EIP2612 Gas赞助扩展，

3:38 这套方案保持EIP3009流程，

3:41 用户签一个签名，

3:44 就能原子化完成permit和结算，

3:47 通过我们的合约实现。

3:49 而对于老代币，

3:52 我们采取的是不同流程，

3:54 用户得签署一个普通授权交易，

3:57 但我们不直接上链，

4:00 而是把它作为X4的payload的一部分，

4:03 当facilitator遇到这种情况，

4:08 它会先给你的账户转一点ETH，

4:12 足够你支付授权的Gas，

4:14 然后再帮你把授权交易上链，

4:18 再进行后续操作。

4:20 这样的话，

4:24 这个无Gas体验

4:26 就实现了一个三步连贯流程。

4:31 will be required.

4:33 The way that we've accomplished a GASIS flow here

4:36 is this three-step scenario

4:38 where when a client sees that extension,

4:42 they will sign an ERC20 approved,

4:45 but they do not put it on chain.

4:47 They include it as part of the X4 to payload.

4:50 And then on the facilitator side,

4:53 when it runs into this scenario,

4:56 it will send your account a little bit of ETH

4:59 just enough to cover the GAS or the approve,

5:02 and then immediately call the,

5:04 or like put your approved transaction on chain,

5:08 and then it will call so.

5:10 So it ends up being three back-to-back operations

5:13 这基本上为旧代币启用了GASIS流程

5:17 这些代币至今还没有体验过GASIS。

5:21 - 太棒了。

5:22 Amanda，你想跟我们讲讲现在看到的情况吗

5:26 现在你可以使用任何EVM代币

5:29 这适用于任何EVM链吗？

5:32 - 是的，所以你可以使用任何ERC20代币

5:36 只要它兼容任何EVM链

5:38 这个合约可以更商业化一些，

5:41 这真的很棒。

5:43 我们已经看到的人使用它的几种方式

5:46 就是他们建立了自己的生态系统

5:49 使用自己的ERC20代币支付

5:52 生态系统中的商品给用户。

5:54 还有一个，就像Carson提到的，

5:56 旧代币比如USTT，

5:59 在美国外有大规模采纳度，

6:02 你现在可以使用它们，

6:04 这就打开了一个广泛的全球市场。

6:08 机会，另一个我还没见过，

6:11 但我很好奇会不会出现的是游戏代币

6:15 因为现在你可以使用任何ERC20，

6:18 这可能是游戏代币，

6:19 并且它有免gas功能。

6:22 所以你可以直接，

6:24 用户不用感知，流程无缝，

6:26 可以购买新游戏物品、支付费用，

6:29 也可以转账。

6:30 哦，如果你是代理，

6:32 手头没有USDC，

6:34 但是有其他被资源服务器接受的代币，

6:36 你现在不必进行兑换，

6:38 也不用担心滑点问题，

6:40 或者任何不确定因素，

6:43 你可以直接使用

6:46 你的代理钱包中传递的代币，

6:47 这非常令人振奋。

6:51 是的，基本上无限可能。

6:52 - 你会说我们要飞月球吗？

6:56 (笑)

6:58 - 姐妹们。

6:59 - 去月球，我会这么说。

7:00 好了，总结一下，第一，

7:03 我们长期支持大多数链上任意代币的导出，

7:06 比如Slauna、Aptos，许多非EVM链

7:09 从一开始就支持任意代币。

7:13 而在EVM链上长期以来，

7:17 导出只支持EIP 309兼容的代币，

7:20 这是因为我们想给所有用户带来

7:22 免gas的体验。

7:27 今天我们宣布的是，

7:30 你现在可以通过我们部署的新合约

7:32 在任何EVM链上使用任何代币

7:34 享受完全的免gas体验。

7:37 这是一个完全开放权限的合约，

7:41 任何人都可以在任何链上部署，无需我们参与，

7:44 还有一个新的扩展支持

7:47 旧ERC20代币合约的初始审批的微gas赞助。

7:49 所有这些结合在一起，

7:54 让我们现在支持在任何链上的任意代币导出。

7:56 这次分享很棒。

7:58 非常感谢Amanda和Carson加入我，

8:00 这很有趣。

8:05 我们应该多做这种CDPODA上的构建更新。

8:07 - Eric？

8:10 - 谢谢邀请。

8:11 - 通过Coinbase开发者平台构建，

8:14 推动世界的链上转型。

8:17 访问我们 cvp.coinbase.com，

8:18 在X上关注我们 Coinbase Dev，

8:20 并务必在你喜欢的播客应用上留下评价。

8:22 Visit us at cvp.coinbase.com,

8:25 follow us on X at Coinbase Dev,

8:27 and be sure to leave us a review

8:29 on your favorite podcast app.

0:00 (upbeat music)

0:02 - Hey, welcome to a special edition of the CD Pod.

0:14 Today I'm not joined by Yuga, settling,

0:17 but I am joined by Carson and Amanda

0:19 from the X4OTT.

0:21 And we're gonna try this on a new day.

0:24 We're gonna do a little breakout technical track

0:26 on a new feature that we just placed

0:29 in X4OTT arbitrary ERC-20 support.

0:33 So the context here is X4OTT has always wanted

0:37 to support any arbitrary ERC, any arbitrary token.

0:42 And it does unlike many, many chains.

0:46 So the difficulty with tokens on the EVM

0:49 is that there are a lot of tokens that quite old

0:52 and they may not support a long tail

0:55 of more modern ways of doing signature based transfer.

0:59 And so we leveraged permit to enable

1:04 signature based transfer.

1:06 But the issue with permit too is that once you approve

1:08 something to transfer on your behalf,

1:10 it can transfer arbitrary amounts of token for you.

1:14 And so Carson, what did we do in order to make it

1:17 so that the facilitator can't just transfer

1:19 arbitrary amounts of tokens on your behalf?

1:21 - So we wrote a contract called the X4OTT

1:25 to exact permit to proxy contract.

1:29 And what this contract enables is essentially

1:33 the guarantees we get out of EIP-3009,

1:37 but with a permit to flow.

1:39 Specifically, this enforces that when a facilitator

1:43 uses this contract to settle with the permit to flow.

1:47 In addition to permit to security guarantees,

1:51 we are also enforcing the destination and the amount.

1:56 So with our permit to integration and our contracts,

2:00 we're able to elevate the permit to flow

2:03 to the same 3009 guarantees that we've come to love.

2:08 - And so what that means is that you as a user,

2:11 you don't approve the facilitator.

2:13 You approve the X4OTT permit proxy contract.

2:18 - Yes, that's correct.

2:19 You are approving the permit to proxy contract in this case.

2:23 - Yeah, and then you sign a message

2:26 and then you send that message to the facilitator.

2:28 The facilitator interacts with the permit

2:31 to proxy contract.

2:32 That proxy contract checks if the payment

2:35 adheres to the specification.

2:38 And then we'll only move funds in accordance

2:40 to what you've signed.

2:41 And you get that same property of the facilitator

2:44 can't arbitrarily route your funds

2:46 because it's enforced via the proxy contract.

2:51 - There's kind of this problem still though, right?

2:53 And that you need to, a lot of older tokens

2:57 only support approvals for permit.

3:02 And that means you have to broadcast

3:05 the transaction on chain to actually have that,

3:08 that whoever you're approving,

3:10 be able to move tokens on your behalf.

3:13 And so that's, of course, in contention

3:15 with our goal of X4OT of making X4OT castle

3:19 a lot of return.

3:20 And so, could you tell us a bit about

3:23 how we created the GASIS experience for users

3:28 and made it work with any possible token?

3:30 - So basically there's two types of tokens here.

3:33 There's tokens that are permit aware,

3:36 which are the 2612 tokens.

3:38 These tokens have built-in functionality

3:41 to be able to put permit on chain.

3:44 And then there's tokens that predate that,

3:47 such as generic ERC20s such as USDT,

3:49 that have no such capabilities

3:52 that we had to separately solve for.

3:54 So to do this, we have two separate

3:57 GAS sponsorship extensions.

4:00 For the newer tokens that are permit to aware,

4:03 we have an EIP2612 GAS sponsoring extension.

4:08 This gets to maintain the same EIP3009 flow

4:12 where you are signing one signature

4:14 and we're able to do both the permit and settle

4:18 atomically through our contract.

4:20 For the older tokens for the more generic ERC20s,

4:24 we had to take a different flow.

4:26 So as a sign transaction for a generic approval

4:31 will be required.

4:33 The way that we've accomplished a GASIS flow here

4:36 is this three-step scenario

4:38 where when a client sees that extension,

4:42 they will sign an ERC20 approved,

4:45 but they do not put it on chain.

4:47 They include it as part of the X4 to payload.

4:50 And then on the facilitator side,

4:53 when it runs into this scenario,

4:56 it will send your account a little bit of ETH

4:59 just enough to cover the GAS or the approve,

5:02 and then immediately call the,

5:04 or like put your approved transaction on chain,

5:08 and then it will call so.

5:10 So it ends up being three back-to-back operations

5:13 that essentially enables a GASIS flow for old tokens

5:17 that to date haven't had a GASIS experience.

5:21 - That's awesome.

5:22 Amanda, do you wanna tell us a bit about what we're seeing

5:26 now that you can use any EVM token

5:29 in this works on any EVM chain?

5:32 - Yeah, so you can use any ERC20 token

5:36 that's compatible with any EVM chain

5:38 that the contract can be more commercial-lessy,

5:41 which is pretty awesome.

5:43 A couple of the ways we've been seeing people use it already

5:46 is they've built their own ecosystem

5:49 that use their own ERC20 tokens to pay

5:52 for things on their own ecosystem to people.

5:54 Another one, like Carson mentioned,

5:56 older tokens like USTT,

5:59 which have massive adoption outside of the US,

6:02 you can now use,

6:04 and so it opens up this like broad global market.

6:08 Opportunity, another one that I haven't actually seen,

6:11 but I'm curious to see if it happens is gaming tokens

6:15 'cause now you can use any ERC20,

6:18 which could be a gaming token,

6:19 and it's got a GAS-less feature.

6:22 So you can just like,

6:24 the user doesn't have to know it's seamless

6:26 and you could buy new game items and could pay stuff,

6:29 you could send things.

6:30 Oh, and if you're like, if you're an agent

6:32 and you don't have USDC,

6:34 but you have this other token that is acceptable

6:36 by the resource server,

6:38 you now no longer have to swap it

6:40 and do like deal with slippage

6:43 and deal with any of those sort of uncertainties,

6:46 you can just use what you pass

6:47 in your agentic pocket,

6:51 which is pretty exciting.

6:52 Like, yeah, the sky is basically the limit.

6:56 - Would you say that we're going to the moon?

6:58 (laughs)

6:59 - The sister.

7:00 - To the moon, I would.

7:03 Okay, to recap, number one,

7:06 we've export to supported arbitrary tokens

7:09 on most chains for a long time,

7:13 like Slauna, Aptos, many of the non-IVM chains

7:17 have supported arbitrary tokens for since inception.

7:20 For a long time on EVM chains,

7:22 export to only supported EIP 309 compatible tokens,

7:27 and that's because we've wanted to deliver

7:30 GAS's experience to all users.

7:32 What we're announcing today is,

7:34 we now have a way for you to have a fully GAS's experience

7:37 on any EVM chain using any token

7:41 via a new contract that we've deployed.

7:44 This is a contract that is fully permissionless to deploy,

7:47 anyone can deploy it on any chain with or without us,

7:49 and a new extension which handles micro-gas sponsorship

7:54 for the initial approval of that contract

7:56 for older ERC 20 tokens.

7:58 All that comes together to make it,

8:00 so we now export on export to any token on any chain.

8:05 So, this has been a great session.

8:07 Thanks so much, Amanda and Carson for joining me,

8:10 and look, this was fun.

8:11 We should do more of these, like, build updates on CDPODA.

8:14 - Eric?

8:17 - Thanks for having us.

8:18 - Leave the world's transition on chain

8:20 by building with Coinbase developer platform.

8:22 Visit us at cvp.coinbase.com,

8:25 follow us on X at Coinbase Dev,

8:27 and be sure to leave us a review

8:29 on your favorite podcast app.